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The Fougasse

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Fougasse near Madliena Tower One of the most interesting means of coastal defence created by the knights around the potential landing spots of the Maltese Islands was the fougasse, a rock-hewn mortar which was designed to fire a large number of different sized stones onto approaching enemy ships. Although it is not a Maltese invention, the local version was a unique adaptation of the fougasse, both in its method of construction as well as its unorthodox application as a means of coastal defence . In the first decades of the 1700s, when the Order was strongly influenced by French engineers, a coastal defence scheme started to be implemented which included, the fougasse. In 1715 the council ordered 60 stone mortars to be cut at vulnerable points around the coasts of the island. no action appears to have been taken until 1741, under the direction of Marandon, that these weapons started being formed. Marandon fired his first experimental foggazza a selci on 28 September 1740. Dr. Stephen S...
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Floriana Heritage Trail

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Borgo Vilhena as Floriana was originally known is many times considered a suburb of Valletta. Possibly owing to this it is significantly under appreciated and many times seen as little more than a thoroughfare through which one travels to get to one's ultimate destination. Nevertheless, Floriana is a gem in its own right as hopefully this trail will show.  Floriana's name came from that of Pietro Paola Floriani, an Italian military engineer who was commissioned to design the Floriana Lines after in 1632, Grand Master Antoine de Paule received credible information that the Ottomans were preparing themselves for another attack on Malta. Floriani's design resulted in a massive system of multi tiered fortifications which are still largely visible, if not completely accessible. Although there were many objections to his project, mainly based on the expense and huge garrison required to defend it, Floriani defended the project by confirming that it could shelter the entire popula...
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Auberges in Valletta

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The Auberges were buildings which were used as hostels by knights of the same langue or language. In some cases, there were more than one auberge for knights from the same country especially in cases where there were many knights coming from disparate parts of the country such as in the case of France and Spain. The surviving buildings in Valletta are all used for some form of public office as explained further below. Auberge de Castile y Leon Auberge de Castille as it is  The building was originally constructed in the late 16th century by Girolamo Cassar originally for the langues of Castile and Leon. It was extensively remodelled by Grand Master Emanuel Pinto de Fonseca between 1741 and 1744. The auberge is built on the highest point of Valletta and is one of the most recognisable buildings locally. The site was originally planned to host the Magisterial Palace, but it was deemed to be too exposed and thus the palace was shifted closer to the centre of the city. The buildin...
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